Abstract:
This paper seeks to examine, explore, and explain the development of the Tijānīyya Tariqa (path) in modern times to date. The Tijānī scholars and academicians have documented and published vast materials about this Sufi path in various languages on the evolution, development, and dissemination of the Tijānīyya since the late 19th century to the contemporary time. The present paper aims to overview the evolution, development, and dissemination of this Sufi path from its establishment to the present time. However, the focus of our questions and discussion is: What is modern society? What is the historical context in which the founder of the Tijānīyya Tariqa emerged and successfully established his independent Sufi path? What are the hallmarks of this Sufi path? How did the founder, his teachings, and the members of his Sufi path survive the attacks of adversaries and opponents? What are the reactions of the Tijānī antagonists, and how did the Tijānīyya successfully transcend the African border in contemporary times? The paper adopted interdisciplinary in nature grounded in the historical discourse.
Keywords: Tijānīyya, Modern society, tariqa / order, Shaykh
DOI: 10.36349/sokotojh.2025.v13i01.006
